Technical Glossary

Aluminum
A1+3 + HnPO43-n = A1PO4+nH+

Calcium(Lime)

• 10Ca+2+6PO43+2OH- = Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 (Hydroxylapatite)
• Best Residuals achieved at pH <10.5
• Lime dosages to achieve phosphate removal approximately equals 1.5 times the total alkalinity (mg/L CaCO3).
• Cannot be used in conjunction with biological growth due to high pH values.
• When used with post-precipitation, pH adjustment is necessary to achieve discharge limitations (pH 6 to 9) Caution: High pH causes ammonia release and an odor problem.

Conversions Factors - Equivalents

• 1 Day = 1440 Min.
• 1 Gallon = 3785 ml.
• Freshwater = 8.33 lb./gal
• Wastewater = 8.34 lb./gal
• 1 cu.ft. water = 7.48 gal/water
• 1 PPM = 1 mg/L
• 1 MGD = 700 GPM
• 1 GPM = 500 lb./hr water
• 1 Gal Poultry DAF Sludge = 8 lb./gal (approx.)

Iron (Ferrous and Ferric)

• Fe+3+HnPO43-n = FePO4+nH+
  3Fe+2+2HnPO43-n = Fe3(PO4)2+2nH+
• 1 mole Ferric Iron precipitates 1 mole phosphates
• 3 moles Ferrous Iron precipitates 2 moles phosphates
• Theoretical minimum solubility at pH 5.3
• Good Phosphorous Removal in range pH 4.0 to pH 6.0
  After pH 6.0 Solubility increases logarithmically
  Addition of Alkalinity may be needed in low alkaline water.
• High Sludge Production

Polymer Addition

• 1 ml of 1% Polymer Solution added to 500ml Water Sample = 20 PPM
• 1 ml of .9% Polymer Solution added to 500ml Water Sample = 18 PPM
• 1 ml of .8% Polymer Solution added to 500ml Water Sample = 16 PPM
• 1 ml of .7% Polymer Solution added to 500ml Water Sample = 14 PPM
• 1 ml of .6% Polymer Solution added to 500ml Water Sample = 12 PPM
• 1 ml of .5% Polymer Solution added to 500ml Water Sample = 10 PPM
• 1 ml of .4% Polymer Solution added to 500ml Water Sample = 8 PPM
• 1 ml of .3% Polymer Solution added to 500ml Water Sample = 6 PPM
• 1 ml of .2% Polymer Solution added to 500ml Water Sample = 4 PPM
• 1 ml of .1% Polymer Solution added to 500ml Water Sample = 2 PPM

Polymer Dosage (Formula)

• To figure volume of any vertical round tank-
• v = pi * r 2 * h
• v = volume of tank
• pi = 3.14
• r = radius of tank
• h = height of tank
• 1 cu. ft. = 7.48 gal

Polymer Solution Decimal - Equivalents

• .1 % = .001
• .2 % = .002
• .25 % = .0025
• .3 % = .003
• .4 % = .004
• .5 % = .005
• .6 % = .006
• .7 % = .007
• .8 % = .008
• .9 % = .009
• 1.0 % = .01

Pump Sizing for Dry Polymers

1. Flow from plant in GPM
2. Multiply by 8.34 Lbs./Gal (for Wastewater)
3. Divide by 1,000,000
4. Multiply by the ppm dosage found from jar test
5. Equals pounds of neat polymer per minute
6. Divide by desired percentage make-up solution of polymer
7. Equals lbs. of water needed per minute
8. Divide by 8.33 Lbs. /Gal (for Fresh water)
9. Equals Gal/Min of polymer solution needed
10. To run Pump in 50 % range, multiply by 2. This will give you the maximum capacity needed for the pump.

Pump Sizing for Liquid Polymers

1. Flow from plant in GPM
2. Multiply by 8.34 Lbs./Gal (for Wastewater)
3. Divide by 1,000,000
4. Multiply by the ppm dosage found from jar test
5. Equals pounds of neat polymer per minute
6. Divide by weight of neat polymer per gallon
7. Equals gals/min of neat polymer
8. Divide by desired percentage make-up solution of polymer
9. Equals Gal/Min of polymer solution needed
10. To run Pump in 50 % range, multiply by 2. This will give you the maximum capacity needed for the pump.